3rd Sem DCH
Introduction
Design and Construction of Highway Pavements
Highway pavements are vital components of transportation infrastructure, providing a smooth, safe, and durable surface for the movement of vehicles and goods. The design and construction of highway pavements involve systematic planning, engineering analysis, and execution to ensure that the pavement can safely carry anticipated traffic loads over its intended service life under varying environmental conditions.Pavement design focuses on determining the type, thickness, and composition of pavement layers such as the subgrade, sub-base, base course, and surface course. The design process considers factors like traffic volume and axle loads, soil characteristics, climatic conditions, material properties, and economic aspects. The primary objective is to distribute wheel loads effectively to the subgrade while minimizing stresses and preventing excessive deformation or failure.Pavement construction involves the practical implementation of the design through proper material selection, mixing, laying, compaction, and quality control. Construction techniques must follow established standards and specifications to achieve the desired strength, durability, and riding comfort. Modern construction practices also emphasize sustainability, efficient resource utilization, and long-term performance.Overall, the design and construction of highway pavements play a crucial role in ensuring efficient transportation, reducing vehicle operating costs, enhancing safety, and supporting economic development.
Module-1:
Introduction and Subgrade Materials: Overview of highway - Classification of roads, Pavement Layers – Components and Functions, Highway alignment and Survey, road development in India, Components and Geometric Standards of Highway Design Pavement
subgrade material: Soils, Soil Characteristic Evaluation, desirable properties, tests (Virtual) - Liquid Limit, Plastic limit, Shrinkage Limit, Grain size analysis - Wet sieve and Hydrometer analysis, Water Content, Specific gravity, Free swell index, Relative density, Heavy compaction, California Bearing Ratio.
Module-2
Pavement Materials
Stone aggregates: Desirable properties, tests (Virtual) - Sieve analysis, Specific gravity, Water absorption, Bulk density, Wet Sieve analysis, Aggregate crushing value, Aggregate impact value, Combined Flakiness and Elongation index, Aggregate abrasion value, Soundness of aggregate, Characteristic evaluation
Bituminous binders: Desirable properties, tests (Virtual) - Specific gravity, Penetration, Softening Point, Ductility, Elastic recovery, Flash point, Separation, Loss on heating, Matter soluble in trichloro ethylene, Absolute, Kinematic and Rotational Viscosity, Aging of Bitumen, Characteristic evaluation.
Bituminous paving mix: Desirable properties, tests (Virtual) - Stripping value of coarse aggregate, Stone polishing value of coarse aggregate, Maximum specific gravity of bituminous mix, Marshall stability & flow, Binder content, Bulk specific gravity and density, Indirect tensile strength, Resilient Modulus (indirect tension test), Resistance of compacted asphalt mixtures to moisture-induced damage, Characteristic evaluation
Cement: Desirable properties, tests (Virtual) - Consistency, Initial Setting Time, Final Setting Time, Mortar Cube compressive strength, Fineness of cement, Specific gravity of cement, Soundness of cement, Characteristic evaluation
Concrete: Desirable properties, requirements, tests (Virtual) - Workability, Compressive Strength, Flexural strength, Characteristic evaluation
Module-3
Principles and Design of Pavements
Flexible Pavement: Introduction, composition, factors governing design, design of flexible pavements as per IRC; Bituminous mix design (Marshall method), IIT Pave Software; Case study - Design Problem
Rigid pavement: Introduction, composition, factors governing design, DLC and PQC mix design; design of concrete pavements as per IRC; Joints; Case study – Design Problem
Module-4
Plants and Machinery: Introduction; Asphalt Hot Mix Plant, Concrete Batching Plant, Wet Mix Macadam Plant, Earthmoving and Excavation Equipment, Paving Equipment, Slipform Paver, Paver Milling and Road Marking Equipment; Factors affecting output of Plant & Equipment; Initiatives to improve quality Construction Planning: Concept of Highways, Planning; Schedules in Planning; Monitoring; Software in Planning
Module-5
Subgrade and Base Layer: Construction Practices and Quality Control; Granular Sub-base Construction Activities; Cement Treated Sub-base Construction Activities
Flexible Layers: Wet Mix Macadam; Construction Practices of Wet Mix Macadam; Hot Mix Asphalt; Construction Practices of Hot Mix Asphalt Layer, Quality Control of Flexible Layers
Rigid Layers: Dry Lean Concrete; Construction Practices of Dry Lean Concrete; Pavement Quality Concrete; Construction Practices of Pavement Quality Concrete, Quality Control of Rigid Layers
Pavement Evaluation: Introduction, Pavement Condition Survey, Pavement Evaluation Functional and Structural, Distresses - Flexible and Rigid Pavement, Overlay Design of Flexible Pavement.